Landslides Essays - Landslides, Environmental Soil Science

Landslides Causing $1-2 billion in damages and more than 25 deaths per year, landslides are a major geologic hazard, caused by earthquakes and floods. Although, landslides are generally not as exciting or costly as earthquakes, major floods, tropical storms, and other natural disasters, they occur in more expanded places and may cause more property damage than any other geologic hazards. A wide variety of ground movements, such as rock falls, slope failure, and shallow debris flows can classify landslides. When a portion of a hill slope cannot support its own weight a landslide will occur. When rainfall or some other water source increases the water content of the slope the weakness is irritated, reducing the strength of the materials. Although gravity acting upon an increased slope is the main reason for a landslide, there are other elements that contribute to its cause. Loud sounds that occur during an earthquake also cause landslides. Erosion caused by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create oversteepened slopes. Heavy rains and melting snow weaken rock and soil slopes. Furthermore, vibrations from machinery, traffic, and even thunder may trigger failure of weak slopes. Excess water can run through slope material and can cause a debris flow or mud flow. The rock and mud left over after a landslide may pick up anything in its path, such as trees, houses, and cars, causing bridges and tributaries to become blocked which causes flooding throughout its path. Even though, the natural cause of most landslides is unable to be stopped, geologic investigations, good engineering practices and effective enforcement of land-use management regulations can cut back landslide danger. Landslides effect every state in the United States territory. The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Coastal Ranges and few parts of Alaska and Hawaii have intense landslide problems. USGS marine scientists have recently identified over fifteen giant landslides surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. These slides are some of the largest known on Earth, and most have taken place throughout the past four million years. The youngest landslide is estimated to have occurred only one hundred thousand years ago, and there is evidence today that large blocks of the island are starting to slide, causing enormous earthquakes. Each landslide that has happened over the bast four million years has ended with huge land loss and gigantic waves that move rocks and se diments up to 1000ft above sea level. The geologic hazards are important to learn about because, they don't occur as frequently as volcanoes or other disasters, they have potential to destroy lives, property, and natural

Strategic Thinking and Effective Change Samsung

Strategic Thinking and Effective Change Samsung With over 200 subsidiaries across the continent, Samsung has devised a powerful business model in order to remain profitable (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The firm uses innovative strategies and practices in order to produce new products. The concept of research and development (RD) is also taken seriously.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Strategic Thinking and Effective Change: Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such changes include eye-catching electronic devices and superior smartphones that can address the needs of more consumers. This paper analyses Samsung’s business strategy. The findings are used to recommend the most appropriate strategy that can support the strategic needs of this organisation in Asia. Current Strategic Position of Samsung Understanding Samsung’s Strategy Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Samsung was manufacturing and marketing cheap television sets and microw aves. According to history, the firm was struggling due to lack of superior products. The level of competition was extremely high thus making it impossible for Samsung to achieve most of its business goals. Many people believed that ‘the firm was also struggling with financial uncertainty’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 4). Experts believe strongly that things have changed significantly for this giant company. The company’s products are superior and admirable. Many people ‘purchase Samsung’s products because they believe that they catch the pulse of the consumer’ (Singh 2012, p. 4). Samsung Group has understood how to focus on the buyer’s emotion. It achieves this goal by offering elegant, superior, and attention-grabbing devices. Such devices are designed in a professional manner in order to remain competitive in the global market. Within the past two decades, Samsung has been combining various business strategies in an attempt to address the chan ging expectations of its global customers. It has focused on the power of innovation in order to achieve these goals. The company’s products are designed to meet the needs of every high-end market (Jung, 2014). However, competition has always remained a major challenge for Samsung. That being the case, the firm focuses on powerful approaches in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. After producing its first Samsung Smartphone, the corporation conducted a thorough market research in order to understand the major issues facing different consumers. The firm realised that ‘most of the existing competitors were using high prices to market their devices’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). This observation encouraged the firm to lower the prices of its smartphones by around 20 dollars in various nations. This move was aimed at attracting many potential customers. More people realised that such smartphones were affordable. The move made it easier for Samsung to marke t more smartphones than ever before. The same business strategy was adopted for every segment and product (Singh 2012). This move improved the company’s business performance within the shortest time possible.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above discussion gives a summary of Samsung’s business strategy. Samsung therefore continues to use a wide range of strategies and approaches in order to position itself in the global market. To begin with, the firm uses various approaches to change its brand image (Jung 2014). Samsung uses powerful adverts and innovative strategies in order to become the leading producer of quality devices and services. As well, brand repositioning is undertaken in an attempt to inform more people about the firm’s superior products. This practice has become ‘a long term investment at the company’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 8). It is currently attracting a large number of potential buyers across Asia. PESTEL Analysis Political The political environment has been favourable for Samsung. However, the Asian region is associated with new political changes that can threaten its future performance. The current instability faced in Korea can affect the firm’s future. For example, the conflict between North Korea and South Korea can affect the region’s future political climate. Such political uncertainties can have disastrous implications on Samsung’s future business goals. Samsung considers such uncertainties whenever designing its strategic plans (Xu 2009). Economic The company operates in different Asian countries. The economic performances of such nations continue to dictate the firm’s business performance. The current economic vagueness experienced in the world should also be taken seriously. Many customers in different ‘Asian countries have portrayed a reduc ed purchasing ability’ (Markides 2004, p. 6). The firm is presently considering new strategies that can support its business objectives. Statistics show that the economies of the nations are rising steadily. South Korea’s current GDP is 1.39 trillion US dollars (Nakagawa 2014, p. 221). The slow economic growth encountered in China has led to reduction in shipments to the country. This issue can affect the region’s economy. Social Factors Asia has encountered new social values and practices due to the current wave of globalisation. The changing needs of the targeted customers will affect the corporation’s business model. For example, more people are travelling frequently and engaging in various social activities. Samsung will be required to re-pattern its business strategies in order to address the cultural values and needs of many consumers in Asia. Technological Factors The company is very innovative thus making it successful. Samsung has powerful techno logical abilities and strengths. It uses such technologies to produce innovative and superior mobile devices. The use of modern technologies makes it possible for the Samsung to realise its business objectives.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Strategic Thinking and Effective Change: Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Apple has ‘accused the firm of imitating its product design’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 3). The current lawsuit is affecting the trust of many customers in different parts of the world. The firm will also be required to use new technologies in an attempt to deal with competition and succeed in the smartphone industry (Xu 2009). Companies are also working hard to produce faster. Some competitors are also focusing on the superiority and effectiveness of bigger smartphones (Xu 2009). Environmental Factors New laws and policies force companies to engage in sustainable business pra ctices. The firm is expected to focus on sustainable business strategies and operations. The company is required to keep the environment clean, manage wastes, and support the needs of every surrounding community (Singh 2012). The company will have to ‘face stricter rules regarding the issue of sustainability in the coming years’ (Zafar, Habib Bilal 2014, p. 72). These environmental issues are critical towards supporting many firms in this industry. Legal Aspects Samsung has been forced ‘to pay heavy fines for charges that it imitated Apple’s iPhone and iPad’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 3). This legal issue discouraged more customers in different parts of the world from using the company’s devices. As well, the firm has to consider various business laws and regulations in order to achieve its objectives. The current lawsuits affecting the firm can affect its future business performance (Xu 2009). Analysis According to the above analysis, Samsung has been facing competition from many companies. Some of these companies include ‘Apple Incorporation, Sony, Toshiba, Ramtoms, and Hewlett Packard’ (Singh 2012, p. 7). It is also notable that the firm operates in different market segments thus attracting more competitors. The existence of competition is something that forces Samsung Group to focus on the most appropriate business approaches and practices. Such actions are undertaken in order to achieve its business potentials. This issue explains why Samsung Group has been undertaking numerous researches from the market. Such researches mainly focus ‘on the changing consumer preferences, competitive strengths of different companies, changing demographics, and emerging markets’ (Lee Lee 2014, p. 3). The next important step towards having a successful strategy is using reduced prices. Samsung Group ‘renews its pricing strategy frequently’ (Lee Lee 2007, p. 498). This move is undertaken in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. The pricing strategies are also dictated by the changing preferences and expectations of many Asian consumers. The prices used by immediate competitors are used to ensure the company’s products are purchased by more customers. The pricing strategy plays a significant role towards increasing the company’s sales and revenues.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The above business model explains why Samsung is currently one of the most profitable companies in the world. Its presence in many emerging Asian nations makes it more competitive. The firm is also playing a major role in its industry. This is the case because it ‘sets the pace for innovation, product improvement, customer support, sustainability practices, and technology use’ (Singh 2012, p. 3). Samsung has also ‘forced different competitors to come up with superior gadgets that can meet the ever-changing needs of more consumers’ (Sun, Sun Xu 2014, p. 4). Samsung’s efforts have forced many players in the industry to reduce their prices. This move has made different smartphones available to more customers. Such efforts have made Samsung a recognisable player in the industry. Nature of the Industry Consumers of such smartphones have remained loyal than ever before. They ‘purchase new devices whenever they are launched in the market’ (Bou man 2014, p. 8). The leading players in the industry have understood how to focus on this kind of loyalty. The competitors are always convinced that every new product will attract more potential buyers (Kess Isoherranen 2014). This massive industry is therefore characterised by numerous companies that market different smartphones to the increasing number of potential consumers. Bouman (2014) argues that the ‘industry is defined by ever-evolving designs and mobile technologies’ (p. 11). The leading competitors in the industry use aggressive pricing methods and continuous imitation in order to achieve the best outcomes. Most of the targeted consumers are very sensitive about prices thus forcing the players to focus on the best business practices. The major consumers in this industry are usually aged between 18 and 45. As well, many older citizens and politicians have been observed to purchase such mobile devices. Rivalry has also remained extremely high in this industry. This is the case because many competitors use similar pricing strategies, technologies, and RD processes in order to address the changing needs of more customers (Sun, Sun Xu 2014). However, some companies have identified their specific competitive advantages in order to remain successful in this industry. Apple has remained the biggest player in the smartphone industry. The firm is admired by many customers because of its ability to innovate and produce powerful devices. It focuses on a few devices in order to achieve the best outcomes. Apple Incorporation has ‘remained the most profitable, successful, and admirable firm in the industry’ (Singh 2012, p. 13). It is also ‘identified as one of the biggest technology corporations in the globe today’ (Kess Isoherranen 2014, p. 1117). The firm uses powerful RD strategies and numerous resources to produce revolutionary smartphones such as the iPhone 4 and the iPhone 5. The company launched the iPhone 6 thus ma king it the most successful smartphone in the whole world. This argument shows clearly that Apple is a successful player in the industry. As mentioned earlier, the smartphone industry focuses on the needs of many customers aged between 18 and 45 years. Majority of these customers have good jobs and opportunities. They are tech-savvy and have good education (Singh 2012). The competitors in the industry also understand how to partner with different software producers in order to deliver powerful apps. Such applications are usually aimed at addressing the needs of these potential customers. The ‘other important observation is that the customers are global’ (Sun et al. 2014, p. 11). This means that the players in the smartphone industry should use international strategies to market their devices to more customers. Bouman (2014) believes strongly that ‘new markets will continue to emerge for these smartphones’ (p. 5). More young and old people are embracing the benefits of such smartphones. The availability of 3G and 4G internet services also makes such devices more useful. These developments encourage more competitors in the industry to produce quality products than ever before. Samsung’s Value Chain Samsung uses a powerful value chain strategy in order to achieve its goals. The firm’s logistical operations are executed by different companies and subsidiaries. For instance, Samsung Electronics Logitec plays a major role towards supporting the company’s operations (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The operations make it easier for the company to deliver more goods to different potential customers. Proper marketing strategies are also used to support to support the company’s value chain. Sales promotions, advertisements, competent marketers, and logistical operations support the company’s value chain. The firm also focuses on the best practices in order to deliver quality services to different customer s. The other important consideration is that Apple uses powerful production strategies. It has been outsourcing different services in order to produce its superior devices. This approach has continued to produce the best results. This is the case because the firm has managed to reduce its production costs. The reduction of its production costs makes it possible for the company to market its superior products using reduced prices (Kess Isoherranen 2014). The firm’s revolutionary devices have remained successful in different parts of the world. However, Apple can never ignore the presence of powerful competitors such as Samsung, HTC, and Nokia, and Tecno (Kess Isoherranen 2014). This situation explains why these companies focus on the most appropriate strategies in an attempt to emerge successful in the smartphone industry. Challenges Facing Samsung Many companies in this industry continue to face various challenges. Most of these challenges are external in nature. That being the case, the firms must identify and use the most appropriate strategies in order to achieve their business potentials. Samsung is currently facing numerous challenges. It is appropriate for the firm to use powerful strategies and approaches in order to deal with such problems (Bouman 2014). This approach will make it easier for the firm to achieve its business objectives. The PESTEL analysis presented below gives a detailed analysis of the major external factors affecting the corporation Business Environment Samsung also faces different strengths and weaknesses. Such strengths have been critical towards supporting its business strategy. The existing weaknesses are monitored and analysed in order to develop better strategies for effective business performance (Zafar, Habib Bilal 2014). The existence of opportunities encourages the company to pursue most of its business goals in a specific market such as Asia. Some threats can also affect the company’s future performance. T he SWOT Analysis presented below gives a succinct summary of the company’s external and internal environments. Porter’s Five Forces The industry’s level of rivalry and attractiveness continues to present new challenges to the company. A proper understanding of the forces faced by Samsung in the industry can encourage the leaders to make appropriate business decisions (Rowley Paik 2008). Such decisions will eventually support the company’s business practices. The Porter’s Five Forces presented below gives a detailed overview of the major issues facing this company. Industry rivalry The smartphone industry has become very competitive. This is the case because there are many companies such as Nokia, Apple, and LG. Most of these companies ‘are fighting for dominance in the industry thus making it impossible for Samsung to become the leading player’ (Katkyama 2010, p. 24). Competition in emerging Asian markets is also on the rise. These ch anges continue to affect the company’s performance in the smartphone industry. Barriers to entry This industry has giant corporations with operations in many countries. Every newcomer will be forced to incur numerous expenses in order to have a significant impact (Manchester 2012). As well, the companies incur numerous expenses in order to market their revolutionary devices to more consumers. This situation explains why the threat of new entrants is extremely low (Nedelea Paun 2009). However, the existing players are making it hard for the firm to achieve most of its business potentials. Bargaining power of buyers Many customers are providential to choose the best smartphones in the market. This is the case because the market has been flooded with different devices (Manchester 2012). The buyers are also ready to purchase specific products that can satisfy their changing expectations. Producers and marketers of such phones must consider these needs in order to innovate the be st smartphones (Nedelea Paun 2009). Many consumers also want different companies to engage in sustainable practices. The bargaining power of such customers is extremely high thus forcing Samsung to embrace better business practices. Bargaining power of different suppliers Many suppliers in the industry are able to offer quality services. They also supply a wide range of raw materials and accessories. Companies such as Samsung should be ready to address the needs of such suppliers in order to achieve their potentials. It is appropriate for companies in this sector to analyse the changing behaviours and demands of these suppliers (Hill Jones 2012). This approach will make such companies more successful. Substitute goods The ‘smartphone industry is associated with a wide range of superior and substandard mobile devices’ (Hill Jones 2012, p. 18). These smartphones can complete various tasks and satisfy the needs of more customers. Samsung has been forced to use powerful pricing methods in an attempt to deal with this threat. The existence of such products will make it impossible for companies such as Samsung to become the leading players in the industry (Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014). The firm should therefore use powerful business tactics in order to attract more customers. The smartphone industry is characterised by ‘unique trends that are not observed in the other sectors’ (Kess Isoherranen 2014, p. 1114). To begin with, the level of competition in the industry has led to new changes and improvements. Such improvements are recorded every year in an attempt to deliver the best support to more customers. As well, the industry is ‘fast-paced because the players have the required financial strength’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). The companies operating in this industry have been focusing on the power of RD in an attempt to produce superior products. Such products are aimed at transforming the lifestyles of the ta rgeted customers. This fact explains why smartphones have been constantly changing. The companies have been adding new features that can attract more customers. Every new smartphone is believed to be ‘an improvement of its immediate predecessor’ (Bouman 2014, p. 9). SWOT Analysis Internal analysis The other important aspect of Samsung’s strategy is its continued focus on research and development (RD). Samsung uses the concept of RD to identify the gaps facing the industry. The firm attracts new experts in order to produce new smartphones that can compete successfully in the global market. The same approach is used to improve different products in order to make them superior (Lee Lee 2007). Innovation is embraced at this company. The practice makes it easier for Samsung to produce new products that can address various gaps in the market. Consumer feedbacks and suggestions are considered whenever innovating new products. Samsung has managed to produce powerful pro ducts that have the potential to address the needs of its loyal customers. Strengths Samsung is one of the leading manufacturers of smartphone devices. It also has successful electronic devices in the market. Its positive performance in the mobile phone segment because it an admirable brand. The firm has impressive RD technologies and design capabilities. Every Samsung’s device ‘is known for its longer battery life’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 7). The firm enjoys a wide presence across the globe. Samsung ‘is a leader in innovation’ (Chen 2015, p. 2). The corporation has strong relationships with different retailers across Asia and beyond. Samsung operates in different market segments thus reducing its risks. Samsung’s smartphones have superior features and applications thus making them successful in the market. Weaknesses Samsung has been ‘unable to devise the best marketing capabilities for its smartphones’ (Tong-hyung 2014, p. 2 ). Many Chinese companies are producing superior phones thus attracting more customers in the Asian market. Such companies include HTC, Huawei, and Xiaomi. The ‘firm focuses mainly on its consumer electronics segment’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 43). The firm targets customers in developed nations thus reducing its opportunities for future growth. Many consumers ‘believe that Android operating system is inferior to Apple Corporation’s iOS’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 49). This weakness explains why many customers fail to purchase Samsung’s devices. The firm lacks sophisticated and appropriate marketing efforts. Opportunities Many people are currently purchasing different smartphones in Asia. Such customers are also looking for superior mobile devices and tablets. This situation creates a new opportunity for the company. The increasing level of demand for mobile-based solutions and applications continues to attract more customers. The emergence of w earable tech is an opportunity for the company. Asia is characterised by an emerging number of middleclass citizens. This increase is an opportunity for Samsung. The firm will market its products to more potential buyers. The current use of online platforms and social media can improve the firm’s marketing capabilities. Threats The level of competition from Apple is extremely high. Apple and Samsung are ‘always fighting on Patents’ (Chen 2015, p. 2). Some ‘competitors are producing cheaper and superior smartphones such as HTC’ (Chen 2015, p. 3). Apple ‘is admired by many consumers because of its sophistication, quality, and reliability’ (Rowley Paik 2008, p. 76). The emergence of many Chinese companies poses a threat to the firm. Samsung’s products have immediate rivals or substitutes in the market. Tackling the Above Challenges: Implications The use of Change Theory can produce the best results. For instance, Kurt Lewinà ¢â‚¬â„¢s change theory can produce the best outcomes (Hernaus 2011). The PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces presented above should be used to address the issues affecting Samsung. The firm uses different strategies in order to deal with the above challenges. Such strategies are aimed at supporting the targeted business objectives. The first approach focuses on the power of continued research and innovation. Samsung Group has employed advanced technologies and experts in order to produce quality smartphones. Such devices can compete successfully in the global market (Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014). The ‘firm uses the concept of innovation in order to realise every targeted goal’ (Hernaus 2011, p. 7). The innovative practices embraced by the company are aimed at addressing various issues. The first issue to consider is the changing expectations of different consumers. The company produces powerful devices and smartphones that can deliver the best pro mises to such customers. The proposed theory will ensure the firm focuses on the best outcomes. The completed PESTEL outlines the business strategies and innovations embraced by different competitors. The firm uses the strategy to produce new devices that can deal with the challenge of competition. Unfortunately, the firm has faced numerous lawsuits from Apple Incorporation. The move has also ‘affected the company’s profitability after paying heavy penalties for alleged mobile design infringement’ (Jung 2014, p. 137). These penalties have affected the company’s image thus discouraging more consumers in different parts of Asia from purchasing its products. This challenge has emerged from the company’s continued efforts to become successful. The second strategy used by Samsung in order to deal with the above challenges revolves around the concept of pricing. Nakagawa (2014) argues that ‘Samsung’s pricing strategy has been appropriate with in the past ten years’ (p. 223). The firm examines the prices used by its rival companies. The firm uses cheaper prices to market its smartphones. This strategy has encouraged more customers to purchase and use the company’s mobile devices. The emergence of cheaper products in the market has threatened the sustainability of Samsung’s devices. For instance, HTC is currently marketing cheaper smartphones in the market. New players such as Lenovo are making it impossible for Samsung to remain the leading player in the smartphone industry. Many consumers in Asia have also been associating the company’s cheap prices with ineffectiveness. This new problem continues to affect the company’s performance. The firm is also known to use proactive measures in an attempt to deal with competition. For instance, the company produces numerous devices within a very short time. This prolific approach makes it easier for the firm’s devices to compete directly w ith other superior products. Many customers have been ‘purchasing such products because they are superior, elegant, and cheap’ (Hernaus 2011, p. 8). However, this strategy has resulted in new problems. For instance, Samsung’s prolific strategy has discouraged many customers especially in the developing world. Many Asians are ‘not ready to purchase new devices after every six months’ (Chang 2011, p. 76). That being the case, the targeted customers have decided to focus on superior devices such as the iPhone 6. Samsung also embraces the power of technological changes in order to deal with competition and address every challenges encountered in the industry. The firm collaborates with different companies such as Google Incorporation in an attempt to produce powerful smartphones. The company’s devices use Android operating system (Nakagawa 2014). However, many ‘consumers in the developing world believe strongly that the operating system is n o match for Apple’s iOS’ (Chang 2011, p. 12). This scenario explains why the company’s products are yet to perform positively in the Asian market (Nakagawa 2014). The above tools show how the external environment is forcing different companies such as Samsung to engage in sustainable practices. The concept of sustainability focuses on different issues such as ‘waste management, environmental conservation, and focus on the existing regulations’ (Chang 2011, p. 98). The firm has collaborated with different stakeholders in order to promote the most appropriate sustainability practices. The corporation is therefore required to embrace the best practices in order to deal with these implications. The decision ‘to invest in new countries has encountered numerous challenges such as political instability, economic uncertainty, and reduced revenues’ (Chang 2011, p. 103). Recommendations to Meet the Company’s Strategic Needs According to th e proposed theory, several changes will be required in order to support Samsung’s strategic needs and objectives. Such changes should be executed in accordance with the internal and external forces affecting the corporation. It is agreeable that Samsung uses some of the best business practices in an attempt to emerge successful (Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). However, the challenges identified above have been making it impossible for Samsung to realise most of its business goals (Chen 2015). The SWOT Analysis presented below should be used to support the best strategies. The first route should focus on the benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This approach makes it easier for many corporations to engage in ethical and sustainable businesses. Samsung’s new CSR should consider every ethical, legal, and environmental issue in order to achieve the best outcomes. The approach will ensure the company’s innovation and RD team produces original ideas . Such designs should ‘be competitive, innovative, and revolutionary’ (Chen 2015, p. 3). The firm should involve different stakeholders whenever addressing various sustainability issues. A powerful ‘market strategy should consider different factors such as the prices of competitors, demographics, consumer needs, and presence of substitute goods’ (Jung 2014, p. 138). The above Porter’s Five Forces model should be used to address the needs of different suppliers and customers. The understanding will ensure the firm identifies ‘new market segments, technological changes, and changing demographics’ (Nakagawa 2014, p. 224). The targeted customers in the continent will be able to support the company’s business strategy and eventually make the firm successful. Competition is something unavoidable in the smartphone industry. Innovative marketing approaches and customer-focused practices will eventually support the company’s entrepr eneurial needs. TOWS Analysis External Scanning Internal Environment Opportunities Emerging markets Demand for smartphones New technologies Economic and demographic changes Strengths Global company Brand name/image Innovation and RD Customer loyalty Powerful entrepreneurial culture Diverse distribution practices Diverse products and segments S/O Strategies Focus on a small number of market segments. Use a powerful marketing strategy that considers the changing behaviours of consumers and competitors. Embrace the benefits of ethical business practice and CSR strategies. This TOWS Analysis shows that Samsung should redesign its strategy. Samsung’s focus on different products affects its competitiveness in the global market environment (Chen 2015). This situation should encourage the company’s leaders to concentrate on a limited number of segments. The smartphone sector should also be given priority because it has the potential to produce the best results (Katkyama 2010). These strategic paths will eventually make Samsung a leading marketer of advanced smartphones in Asia. Appendix Mission Devoting our technology and talent towards creating superior services and products that can contribute to a sustainable global society. Vision Samsung is committed to inspire its stakeholders and communities by leveraging new technology, creative solutions, and innovative products. Reference List Bouman, T 2014, Samsung Enterprise Business: XChange Solution Provider, xchange-events.com/files/9213/9422/5169/Samsung_Todd-Bouman_The-New-Business-Experience_XSP2014.pdf Chang, S 2011, Sony vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants Battle, McGraw Hill, New York. Chen, L 2015, ‘The Worlds Largest Tech Companies: Apple Beats Samsung, Microsoft, Google’, Forbes, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-4. Hernaus, T 2011, ‘Business Trends and Tendencies in Organisation Design and Work Design Practice: Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationsh ips’, Working Papers Series, vol. 11, no. pp. 2-18. Hill, C Jones, G 2012, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Cengage Learning, Boston. Jung, S 2014, ‘The Analysis of Strategic Management of Samsung Electronics Company through the Generic Value Chain Model’, International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 133-142. Katkyama, H 2010, ‘Significance of Lean Management and Contribution toward Customer Satisfaction’, Industrial Engineering Magazine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 22-27. Kess, P Isoherranen, V 2014, ‘Business strategies analysis by strategy typology and orientation framework’, Management, Knowledge, and Learning, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1111-1120. Lee, B Lee, S 2014, Case of Samsung’s Mobile Phone Business, http://211.253.40.86/mille/service/PBH/10000/IMG/000000000489/W04-11.pdf. Lee, W Lee, N 2007, ‘Understanding Samsung’s Diversification Strategy: The Case of S amsung Motors Incorporation’, Long Range Planning, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 488-504. Manchester, C 2012, ‘General Human Capital and Employee Mobility’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 951-974. Markides, C 2004, ‘What is Strategy and how do you know if you have one’, Business Strategy Review, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 5-12. Nakagawa, R 2014, ‘The Rapid Growth of the Smartphone Market in China and the Business Ecosystem’, AJ, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 219-229. Nedelea, S Paun, L 2009, ‘The Importance of the Strategic Management Process in the Knowledge-Based Economy’, Review of International Comparative Management, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 95-105. Rowley, C Paik, Y 2008, The Changing Face of Korean Management, Longman, New York. Samsung Electronics: Sustainability Report 2014, samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/corporate_governance/corporatesocialresponsibility/downloads/2014sustainabilityreport.pdf Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015, http://sgsg.samsung.com/samsung/value.do. Singh, D 2012, ‘The High-Quality Low-Price Business Strategy of Samsung Mobile in Penetrating Competitive Market of India’, SSRN, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-16. Sun, J, Sun, X Xu, T 2014, ‘Competitive Advantage Based on Innovation: The Case of Samsung’, Renmin School of Business, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Tong-hyung, K 2014, Samsung to Beef Up Risk Management, koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2010/12/123_78214.html Xu, R 2009, ‘Analysis of Samsung Notebook Strategy: Case Study for Samsung Notebook’, NHH, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-76. Zafar, F, Habib, I Bilal, H 2014, ‘How to achieve Financial Gains with Corporate Social Responsibility in Businesses’, European Journal of Business and Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 68-77.

Demand Shock in Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Demand Shock in Economy - Assignment Example The movements from A to E represent the reactions of the parameters due to the demand shocks (Mankiw, 2006). At period t+4 since the DAS curve continues to move downwards as a result of the low inflationary pressure in the period t+3. As the negative demand shock that is described in this situation persists the DAD curve returns to its actual position which is DADt-1, t+4, thus the economy moves to point F. Since the DAS curve is lower than it was earlier, so a recovery process will cause the curve to move upwards to point A. This may be due the rise in employment level or an increase in the wage rate by the workers in the economy or a general rise in the output level owning to the inflation prevailing in the economy. Source: Mankiw, 2006 Answer to question 2 As the economy undergoes a demand shock, the central bank responds immediately to combat the ill effects of such a shock. Generally in real case scenario the shock persists for several time periods. A negative demand shock calls for a fall in the output and the inflation level. Therefore the Central bank responds by lowering the level of interest rate. Now as the interest rate falls, so the level of goods as well as services demanded rises. Thus the contractionary effect of demand shock is offset. As the inflation level falls, so does the expected inflation level. As a result of the demand shock the nominal and the real rate of interest falls, however as the shock disappears the interest rate too increases (Mankiw, 2006). From the adaptive expectation rule we have Et (?t+1) = ?t, so Et-1 =?t, or ?t = 2% i.e. 2 The nominal interest rate is given as i= ?t + ? + (?t –?*) + ?y (Yt – Y) i = 1.091+.02+0.5(1.091-0.2) + 0.5 (96.36 – 100) = -0.1745. Real rate of interest Rt =... As the economy undergoes a demand shock, the central bank responds immediately to combat the ill effects of such a shock. Generally, in real case scenario, the shock persists for several time periods. A negative demand shock calls for a fall in the output and the inflation level. Therefore the Central bank responds by lowering the level of interest rate. Now as the interest rate falls, so the level of goods, as well as services, demanded rises. Thus the contractionary effect of demand shock is offset. As the inflation level falls, so does the expected inflation level. As a result of the demand shock, the nominal and the real rate of interest falls, however as the shock disappears the interest rate to increases.Inflation targeting is basically an economic policy whereby the Central bank of the economy tries to project a targeted level of inflation and tries to drive the economy towards that level by using various monetary tools. If the prevailing rate of inflation is above the target then the Government raises its interest and the opposite happens when the inflation is below the target.A negative demand shock causes the inflation level of the economy to fall. Therefore the Central bank loosens the monetary policies so that the economy comes back to the targeted level of inflation, this further causes the economy to go back to the full employment level. Since the interest rate rises as the inflation are above the targeted level, this prompts the Central banks to go for inflation targeting.

Ethics of Cloning and Genetic Manipulation Essay

Ethics of Cloning and Genetic Manipulation - Essay Example To daily life it gives the possibilities to cures for countless material improvements and diseases. The human genome project symbolized the hopes for the benefits of genetic manipulation, in the human species a vast international effort to categorize all the genes. For its potential for misuse genetic manipulation frightens many people. Either through simple bungling that might develop a biological holocaust which is caused by the viruses made by man or either through the Nazi style scheme for the control of the population. The single concept on the cutting edge of the genetic manipulation is cloning. Clone is an organism or cell or groups of cell that consist the genetics information identical to that of the organism or parent cell. Cloning is not as new as it seem, it is a form of asexual reproduction. The new thing is the ability of humans to manipulate cloning at the genetic level. 2,000 years ago the humans produced the first clone and at that time the plants developed from step cuttings and grafts. In cloning the process call into the use of DNA replication and calls into play complex laboratories techniques. A relatively recent scientific advance is usually mean by the people. Between these techniques cloning is the ability to copy and isolate the separate genes that direct a development of organism. Karl Marx was revolutionary leader, radical economist and Germen Philosopher. He had founded the modern scientific socialism. In the mind of Marx the central idea is the material conception of history. Every message of his provides new meaning of life and hope to the millions of peoples. According to his conflict concept of cloning the cloning can bring many changes. In Australia a new animal was discovered several years ago and that animal was appeared to be kosher pig. Previously the animal was unknown, the status of kosher was governed by the rules and that rules were very much old. And after much speech it was decided that it was indeed non kosher. The new creation of cloning is a baby with no parents. To encompass this new reality the people of world stretches its concepts of ethics and morality. If the human cloning is permitted then the Jewish world also endeavors to decide. In Jewish law regarding cloning there is no clear consensus. To clone people is a technology which is not yet considered as a reality. This issue is not a practical one, this issue is an academic one. Because of these reasons there have no actual cases in Jewish law which has been decided as they realize strongly upon the precedent. The prominent rabbis still publish the scholarly analysis. It has ruled by one of the prominent authority of American Halachic that in certain instances cloning is permitted. Before a final consensus is reached many Jewish laws technical issues will have to be resolved. Before the final decision reached many deep philosophies concepts will have to be applied on cloning. About the nature of the individuals that would be produced through cloning and genetic influence some of the concerns are based on the false beliefs. The fear is that a clone will be a carbon copy of some one else, it would not be an individual. Many scientists gives their opinion about clone that clone would be more like a delayed identical twin and it would not in fact be an individual copy. And identical twins are two separate peoples. Genetic determinism

Change and Culture Essay Example for Free

Change and Culture Essay To adjust to greater competition and pressures of obtaining increased organizational efficiency and cost containment, many organizations have begun to examine strategies related to restructuring and downsizing to maintain organizational viability. These processes have included mergers and acquisitions, and redefining occupational roles of workers within the organization. Consequently, successful management of the structural change process can be daunting and overwhelming if not handled in an organized and thoughtful process. Those who are responsible for the process must recognize the barrier that may be hindrances to conception and implementation of the change process These barriers include: (a) lack of concise and coordinated planning/goals, (b) resistance to change within the organizational workforce, (c) failure to consistently evaluate the progress of the proposed change within context of the entire system, and adjust methodology as necessary. Thus, in order to achieve a balance between achieving organizational goals and addressing the uncertainty that may occur in the workforce, organizational leaders are tasked with the responsibilities of finding creative means to facilitate the mandated objectives while at the same time finding vehicles to maintain adequate levels of employee satisfaction and productivity in order to facilitate the ability to service their respective consumer base. It is the purpose of this paper to re-examine the fictional organization created in the week number four Culture Case Study I, and determine the means to facilitate a redesign in workforce brought on by a mandated reduction in work force. This paper will examine the concept of the universal worker as part of the proposed redesign, with further evaluation of the communications and organizational process that will have to be implemented in order to facilitate successful achievement of administrative goals and employee adoption of their new roles. Case Study In an attempt to achieve increased cost containment, six months after the merger of Charles Drew and Florence Nightingale Hospitals, the managerial hierarchy has proposed a significant reduction in workforce. Subsequently, a decision was made that the best way to facilitate continued safe patient care was to redesign the patient care delivery workforce. As recommended by the administration, the initial proposal for redesign was that of the universal worker. As understood, the paradigm of the universal worker would allow remaining employees to be cross trained in different job duties; thus, allowing more flexibility in staffing and personnel assignments (web. Answers. com, 2011). Through examination and implementation of the concepts of the universal worker, along with consideration of other strategies, the thought is that assigning additional duties to remaining personnel would allow continued adequate delivery of many support services. Past experiences in attempt to implement this type of change has proven to be met with resistance by personnel, and difficult to implement when introduced at other organizations; nevertheless, the administration has charged the mid-level management team with successful achievement of the proposed redesign in order to meet organizational objectives. The Change Process When beginning the process of job redesign within this organization, it will be important for those who are responsible for implementation of the change to understand the overall mission and goals of the organization and the global ramification of the change within the institution. It will be important to understand that a change in one area can have either a positive or negative impact on other areas within the organization (Leadership and Motivational Training, 2012). Thus, in viewing the potential upheaval that a reduction in workforce can create, and the subsequent potential for feelings of job insecurity that may be experienced by the remaining workforce, it will be important to allay these fears and allow enhanced empowerment of employees being affected by this process. This can be facilitated through inclusion of employees in the redesign process (i. e. implementation of work teams) and establishment of clear channels of communication within the system. Managing this process of job redesign and change can be successfully implemented through the initiation of a defined process to guide the change and an assigned change leadership team (Resnick, 2012). Through this process not only will the affected employees be allowed to have input to the process that will affect the their individual stake in the organization, they will also have the opportunity to implement substantial and lasting change for the overall system and the culture of then organization. As described by Peter Senge in his postulates regarding organizational culture, this inclusion, empowerment and open communication among those in leadership and front-line employees will work to facilitate what he described as the learning organization and systems thinking (Smith, 2001). Inclusion of work teams into the change process, and the subsequent implementation of the cross training of employees into various departmental roles, the concept of the universal worker among the care provision staff will allow the reshaping of the organization into one that has the flexibility to adapt to the rapid change that may be incurred, and foster an atmosphere of collegiality – where people are continually learning to see the whole together (Smith, 2001). Measuring Processes and Expectations Post Redesign  Once the redesign process has been completed it will be very important to implement measures to review the process of performance and if the predetermined goals of the change are being met. Since employees will potentially be relied on to increase performance and acquire additional employment duties, it will be important to examine how the implementation of change will impact employee satisfaction. It can be said that if an organization can meet the need for a satisfying work environment, then the employee will have a greater propensity to be more motivated and productive. As a consequence the satisfaction will have a greater correlation to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. Examination of outcomes can be achieved through the â€Å"utilization of the creation of a balanced scoreboard-or dashboard- of the key internal and external measures that provide a comprehensive view of the organizations performance, with as much insight as possible regarding the implication of the change for the future† (Resnick, 2012). Examples of these tools could include utilization of employee satisfaction surveys, provision of strategically placed employee eedback boxes to solicit employee input to parameters for ongoing improvement, and implementation of employee councils to examine how to best meet the needs for improving overall workplace satisfaction and employee morale. With completion of the tools for review of performance, the organization will have a balanced understanding as to how the implementation of the job redesign has impacted organizational goals and desired outcomes -i. e. decreased attrition rates of employees, decreased sick leave utilized, increased patient safety and patient satisfaction scores – (Ugboro, 2006) . Creation of a Learning Organization As the paradigm begins to change in the organization, and implementation of change becomes manifest within the organization, it will be important to foster structures that will provide for a cohesive and well-rounded workforce. As a result, it will be important that all employees have a thorough understanding of what is meant by a learning organization, and how this concept will be imperative e to the ongoing success of current and future change. As described by Peter Senge, the learning organization can be viewed as a structural environment in which the employee is empowered to create the outcomes that they truly desire. In this type of environment, the employee is allowed the room of creativity to redefine not only themselves within their organizational role, but also the organization itself. This paradigm shift differs from the previous downstream constricted organizational structures in that it moves the process for acquiring new organizational traits and skills from learning a means of survival to one that embraces learning that enhances the capacity to create and innovate (Smith, 2001). As such, this paradigm allows progress of the employee to have a greater role in obtaining self-actualization through growth of objectively understanding how change and the end-results of proposed change will affect the organization and the system as a whole. Additionally, it changes the view of management from one of overseer, to one of fostering learning opportunities and helping employees develop systemic understanding (Smith, 2001). In relation to the mandated job restructuring that will take place within this merged organization this change will be facilitated through the creation of interdisciplinary teams of care providers that will comprise the teams that will be responsible for the redesign of the care delivery model. In context of the proposed reduction of staff, it can be assumed that the employees affected by the ensuing change will be instrumental in facilitating this change if allowed to be part of the redesign of priorities and duties. Consequently, with each group bringing their individual and collective spheres of knowledge, there will facilitation of the exchange of ideas, expansion of personal mastery, enhancement of mental models, and a building of a shared vision. All of which are characteristic of the described learning organization. In this case, enactment of the concept to the universal worker will require cross training of employees into potentially new areas of responsibility, or areas in which personal mastery has not been achieved. As such, training can be perceived by employees as a measure of the organizations commitment to them. Subsequently, training is one of the most powerful vehicles for an organization to create change. As stated by Resnick (2012), â€Å"First, it builds alignment to the desired change. Second, it provides individuals with the knowledge and skills to implement the change. Third, it creates the opportunity for cross-functional communication in the implementation of company-wide initiatives†. As this process evolves, management can ensure that continual educational opportunities exist for employees to grow technically and professionally in their respective duties. As these opportunities are allowed, evaluation of individual mastery should be evaluated and opportunities for individual employees to become mentors or resources for fellow employees should be encouraged. By facilitation of this process of collaborative self-management, satisfaction within the process will be enhanced and peer-to-peer sharing can take place. This will allow greater cohesiveness among the teams and a greater sense of inclusion among all team members. As stated by Smith (2001), â€Å"when teams learn together, not only can there be good results for the organization, members will grow more rapidly than could have occurred otherwise†. Measurement of Individual Satisfaction Measurement of individual employee satisfaction can be facilitated through many means. Standard traditional measurement tools could include employee surveys, employee feedback solicitation, and input gained during annual performance reviews. Although these means may allow the management team to gain greater insight to employee satisfaction with change, they are primarily founded in anecdotal response, and may be difficult of quantify. Thus, alternative measurements of satisfaction can be employed. These include monitoring of employee retention rates, review of utilization unscheduled employee leave, and patient provided satisfaction surveys. As indicated by Plowman (2009), â€Å"many studies suggest that the cost of turnover is on-and-a-half times an employee’s salary, when considering recruitment, selection, and training costs. Therefore, to monetarily measure the impacts of reduced turnover, one can calculate the expected cost of replacing employees who chose not to leave as a result of increased employee satisfaction†. Furthermore, enhanced patient satisfaction and outcomes may have a direct correlation to enhanced satisfaction in that increased individual productivity may be a sign of an employee who has taken ownership of his or her role in relation to change. Conclusion In today’s environment of organizational change, and redefining of traditional job functions and roles, it is imperative to create new paradigms within the organizational structure. Along with the changing responsibilities for employees, management must provide the means to promote atmospheres of renewed learning and assist the empowerment of employees in actualizing the larger systemic needs of the organization, and their role in the facilitation of making lasting change. Successful implementation of these concepts, along with meeting the needs for maintaining employee fulfillment and satisfaction will be essential for the economic longevity of all business organizations that provide essential services to the public.

Philosophy Examined :: Detrminism Conflicts

Assignment: Comment on the Following Statements 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Out of the people edited in Abel or discussed by Palmer, the following are hard determinists†¦ Well, Palmer only discusses two hard determinists: B.F. Skinner, and Sigmund Freud. Out of the texts read in Abel, Abel discusses Skinner and D’Holbach as hard determinists. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hard determinism conflicts with some of our ordinary beliefs and experiences. For example: On the one hand, we are raised to believe that we are free, that we posses freedom of thought and action. If we come to a fork in the road, we can either go left or right, either choice is a free choice. A hard determinist would have us believe that our actions are determined, hence, unfree. If the hard determinists theory were in fact true, then, if we were to come to a fork in the road, what use would it be to choose the right, or the left path? For out decision has already been determined, according to the hard determinist point of view. Frankly, I find the idea of hard determinism utterly ridiculous, and incredibly hard to defend. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If hard determinism is true, then people cannot be held responsible for their actions. This statement is true. For if hard determinism is true, then our actions are determined. Meaning that we have no control over our own actions. Therefore, we cannot be held responsible for out actions, because, we are not responsible for them, for they were determined. If this is indeed true, then the worlds judicial systems have been making mistakes for several thousands of years. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is possible to interpret Freud as being committed to hard determinism. It is also possible to interpret Freud as believing in freedom. This statement is making two claims, which may be interpreted differently by different people. Thus needing some explanation. It is true that Freud was committed to hard determinism, for he believed that the majority of a person’s actions are motivated through the subconscious mind, the subconscious being a driving force in the decision. Subconscious decisions are not free, for the person is not aware of the force of the subconscious. The second part of the above statement is in a sense, true. Freud, being committed to hard-determinism, could not believe it direct freedom. However, Freud did believe that a person could change, thus gaining some control over their actions, and that in a sense, is freedom (i.e. the case of the woman who kept choosing partners who beat her).

Differences of Radical Behaviorism, Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Applied Behavior Analysis Essay

The phrase â€Å"radical behaviorism† can either be applied to a philosophy which was created by B. F. Skinner and can also be used to refer to a particular school which became known during the time when behaviorism was in power. It considers behavior as a natural science and that the behavior of animals can be understood and studied beneficially, comparable to the behavior of humans (Chiesa, 1994). On the other hand, â€Å"experimental analysis of behavior† can also refer to a school of psychology founded by B.  F. Skinner or to a philosophy that is basically from the philosophy of radical behaviorism. Data-driven examination of functional relations is one of the central principles which are incorporated in the experimental analysis of behavior. It also includes inductive examination and can be considered in contrast to the kinds of hypothetico-deductive learning theory (Skinner, 1963). â€Å"Applied behavior analysis† is an applied research of behavior and is one of the four domains in the analysis of behaviors. Furthermore, it is the science in which strategy or procedures are derived from the main philosophies of behavior are applied systematically and uses the natural science perspective in terms of its applications. The applied behavior analysis makes the technology for application in a variety of settings available. The diversity of its settings starts from individuals who have autism up to organizational improvement. In addition to this, it is mainly used to enhance the significant social behaviors and that experimentation is employed in determining the variables responsible for modifications or changes (Cooper et al, 2006). These three philosophies under psychology, though they seem to be similar to one another, may also have certain dissimilarities among them. In terms of their underlying principles and philosophy, certain dissimilarities or differences, though somehow related, can already be noticed. The radical behaviorism gained interest because of two proposals or philosophies, one is that all organismic action is determined and not free. Second is that, it refers to the consideration of the â€Å"anti-theoretical†. While on the other hand, the principles or premises utilized as basis for the experimental analysis of behavior includes that â€Å"everything that organisms do is behavior† and that â€Å"all behavior is lawful†. Central to this is the utilization of a Four-term contingency which are utilized to illustrate functional relationships in controlling behavior. The Four-term contingency are motivating operations, discriminative stimulus, behavior as response and consequences. On the other hand, in the applied behavior analysis, it considers behavior as a subject, rather than a natural science and that it is composed of an antecedent, behavior, and consequence (Cooper et al, 2006). While in radical behaviorism, no recognition is given still tat work in traditional psychology has any value or that it can be useful in a unification with behaviorism (Weiner and Freedheim, 2003). The methods, techniques, purposes and service delivery of the three philosophies in psychology also differ from one to the other. In the experimental analysis of behavior, operant conditioning chambers, which are enclosures specifically designed for holding and testing animals, and cumulative recorders, an instrument that graphically records responses from animals or subjects, are used. In the applied behavior analysis, the techniques employed include task analysis, chaining, prompting and fading. On the other hand, radical behaviorism uses operant psychology. Operant psychology is an alternative or replacement for classical conditioning which was observed by Skinner to be non-functional in accounting for behaviors which individuals are most interested of. In the operant conditioning, positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements are utilized and are used to increase the re-occurrence of a behavior. In contrasting an emphasis on the experimental analysis of behavior with an emphasis on interpretive practices in characterizing the heart of radical behaviorism does not involve a denigration of the long-range value of laboratory research (Modgil and Modgil, 1987).